Je vous propose aujourd’hui de poursuivre la découverte de Josef Breitenbach. Cette fois-ci nous laisserons de côté ses influences surréalistes et nous admirons ses fabuleux portraits, et nus et quelques photographies de voyages .
[Je vous suggère de ne pas manquer le premier article qui complète ce dernier, et qui vous permettra d’avoir une vue d’ensemble de l’entendue de son oeuvre ]
En 1932, Breitenbach ouvre son premier studio de photographie. Ses clients étaient des membres éminents de la bohème de Munich, (y compris les acteurs et actrices de la scène dans le théâtre de Munich.) qui était alors un bastion des défenseurs des libertés et des personnes raffinées. Mais ce monde a disparu en 1933 avec la prise de pouvoir d’Hitler.Plus que ses racines juives, le passé politique du photographe fait de lui une cible à persécuter. En Août 1933, avec son passeport, Breitenbach arrive en France, rejoignant d’autres exilés Allemands qui cherchent refuge à Paris.
La «révolution» surréaliste allait alors devenir dominante dans la scène artistique parisienne. Peu après son arrivée, Breitenbach est entré en contact avec André Breton et son entourage. Préférant conserver son indépendance, il n’a jamais été un membre du groupe surréaliste, mais a participé à des expositions importantes de la photographie surréaliste aux côtés de Man Ray, Jacques-André Boiffard, Brassaï, Eli Lotar, Henri Cartier-Bresson, et Roger Parry.
Breitenbach n’a vécu à Paris que six ans, jusqu’à ce que la guerre éclate en 1939, et pourtant, pendant cette période , il a produit certains de ses travaux les plus inventifs. (Il a adopté plusieurs techniques favorisées par de nouveaux photographes tels que la surimpression, le montage, la solarisation, l’impression en négatif, et le photogramme. Plus important encore, il était l’un des rares artistes des années d’avant-guerre à produire des photographies en couleurs, ce qu’il a fait en utilisant des procédés tels que le blanchiment, la tonification et la pigmentation.)
La guerre interrompit ce deuxième chapitre de la vie du photographe. Interné par les Français comme un étranger suspect, puis rédigé dans un corps civil composé d’étrangers, Breitenbach finalement échappé à la France de Marseille en 1941 pour New York . Il parvient à retenir l’attention de Walker Evans, qui publie ses travaux dans Fortune .
À l’été 1944, à l’invitation de Josef Albers, Breitenbach enseigne la photographie au Black Mountain College. En 1946, il est devenu un citoyen des États-Unis et a rejoint la faculté de la Cooper Union .
For a biography in English go down Article
Josef Breitenbach- Night, Paris (Edith Schultze-Westrum), 1935, Vintage gelatin silver print collage ©The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach-Edith Schultze-Westrum, 1932, Gelatin silver print© The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach- Portrait of the actress Sybille Binder, Munich, Before 1933, Gelatin silver print© The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach- Portrait of the actress Sybille Binder, Munich, Before 1933, Gelatin silver print© The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach- Portrait of the actress Sybille Binder and Paul Robeson, in Othello, Munich, 1932, Gelatin silver print© The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach- Portrait of the actressSybille Binder Circa 1932, gelatin silver print, © The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach – Portrait of the actress Marianne Hoppe, 1933 ©The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach- Sheila ,New York, 1942 ©The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach-Aktportrait, Paris, 1933-1939. © The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach-Portrait, 1930s , Gelatin silver print © The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach-Portrait, 1930s , Gelatin silver print © The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach- Portrait of a lady, Munich, 1932, Munich,, Gelatin silver print© The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach-Untitled , Paris 1936 © The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach-Edith d’Amara, 1932, Munich,, Gelatin silver print© The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach- Patricia, New York, 1942, Vintage toned gelatin silver print © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach- A Woman and Her Conscience, New York, 1945, Vintage toned gelatin silver print ©The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach- Annabella, 1933-39, Vintage gelatin silver print ©The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach- Woman in costume of shiny material with cape and hood, 1930s © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach-Sybille Binder, 1932 © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach-Portrait ofSchoura Alperin, 1934 Paris, Gelatin silver print © The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach-Portrait, 1935 Paris, Gelatin silver print © The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach-Portrait of Ruth Harris 1933-39 Paris, Gelatin silver print © The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach-Aristide Maillol, Marly-Le-Roy, 1934 © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach- Portrait of Man Ray, 1967, Gelatin silver print © The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach-Portrait of Max Ernst and Marie-Berthe Aurenche, 1936 Paris, Gelatin silver print © The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach-Portrait of Max Ernst and Marie-Berthe Aurenche, 1936 Paris, Gelatin silver print © The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach-Portrait of Max Ernst , 1938 Paris, Gelatin silver print © The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach- Max Ernst and his wife, Marie-Berthe Aurenche, Paris, 1936, Early gelatin silver print; printed c. 1942-1948 © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach- James Joyce, Paris, 1937 © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach-Wassily Kandinsky, Neuilly-sur-Seine 1938 © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach- Portrait of the Actor Sacha Guitry, Paris, 1938, Gelatin silver print © The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
![Josef Breitenbach-Japanese female mask, fabric background], ca. 1940s](https://lapetiitemelancolie.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/josef-breitenbach-japanese-female-mask-fabric-background-ca-1940s.jpg?w=549&h=688)
Josef Breitenbach-Japanese female mask, fabric background], ca. 1940s
Josef Breitenbach-Close-up of woman’s eye, 1940s © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach-Sculpture Academy, Paris, 1935, gelatin silver print © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach-Sculpture Academy, Paris, 1935, gelatin silver print © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach-Standing Nude (Back), 1930-39, Gelatin silver print© The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach-Dr. Riegler & J. Greno, Munich 1933 © The Josef Breitenbach Trust. from Manifesto By Josef Breitenbach , Ed° Nazraeli Press , 2008
Josef Breitenbach, Dr. Riegler and J. Greno, Munich, 1933 © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach.Dr. Riegler and J. Greno – Munich,1933 Photogravure on wove paper © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach-Dr. Riegler & J. Greno, Munich 1933 © The Josef Breitenbach Trust. from Manifesto By Josef Breitenbach , Ed° Nazraeli Press , 2008
Josef Breitenbach – Self-Portrait with J. Greno ,1933 © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach-Female Nude posing, , Nd,, Gelatin silver print© The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach- Soft-focus bust of nude woman holding grapes, Paris, 1933 © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach-Sonja, Munich, 1930-33, Gelatin silver print© The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach- Female nude sitting on blanket, 1935, Gelatin silver print © The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach- Standing female nude – front view, furnishings, 1932 © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach- Untitled , female nude with dark fur and ornaments, 1940s © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach- Untitled , female nude with dark fur and ornaments, 1940s © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach -Untitled, 1940s © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach-We New Yorkers, 1942 © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach- Electric Back, New York, 1949 toned gelatin silver print , montage © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach- Medical Illustration, New York, 1949 Aus einer Serie für McCalls Magazine © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach- Emerging Torso, 1942-48, toned gelatin silver print © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach-Adirondacks, , 1948,, Gelatin silver print© The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach- Portraits with Make Up,model Patricia & Josef Breitenbach, New York, 1945, Vintage gelatin silver print© The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach- Woman Transformed, model Patricia, New York 1942 © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach -Morning, 1950 © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach – Untitled, 1950s © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach- Untitled ,Nude, 1950s © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach- Portrait, Paris, 1933-39, Vintage gelatin silver print ©The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach- Untitled , 1935 © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach- Untitled , Germany, Munich, 1933 © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach- Nu, Germany, Munich, , 1933 © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach-nude girl lying in gras, 1950s © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach- Nude woman in the river,New York, 1953, , Gelatin silver print © The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach-female nude with long dark hair lying on side on grass, USA, 1961 © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach-back view of female nude with long dark hair lying curled on grass, USA, 1961 © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach-back of female nude with long dark hair, seated outdoors on branching log, USA, Sept. 1961 © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach-Untitlrd (Female nude with long dark hair, lying face-down on grass, full length with feet at left), USA, 1961 © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach – Untitled , (Female nude with long dark hair, lying face-down on grass,) USA , 1961 © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach -Untitled (Buttocks and back of female nude with long dark hair,kneeling outdoors), USA, 1961. © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach-Untitled (female nude with long dark hair lying face-down on grass) ,USA ,1961. © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach-Untitled (emale nude with long dark hair lying face-down on grass), USA ,1961. © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach -Untitled (Back of female nude bending over in water), USA, Sept 1961. © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Les années 1950 et 1960 ont été des années d’intense activité pour Breitenbach. Il a fait reportage photographique en Asie pour les Nations Unies et d’autres entreprises variées, documentant le travail des secours.
Il exposera ses photographies largement dans les Etats-Unis à partir des années 1940 jusqu’au milieu des années 1960, notamment au Museum of Modern Art et le Metropolitan Museum of Art
Josef Breitenbach-Untitled (woman curled on side in dried grass), Korea or Japan , 1952 © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach- nude woman in black, Tokyo, 1953, Chromogenic print. © The Josef Breitenbach Trust.
Josef Breitenbach-Sleeping Japanese Girl, Japan, 1968. © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach- Dancing in the Streets (Bon Odori), Kyoto, 1956 © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach-Eels and octopus. Pusan, Korea, 1953 © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach-India, Construction Worker, Bombay, 1960 © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
Josef Breitenbach- Woman Transformed, New York 1942 © The Josef Breitenbach Trust
You can see more on Gitterman Gallery
Des portraits du photographe par des anonymes ici sur wordpress sur le blog A la loupe
Voir les résultats des actions le concernant sur Mutualart
Conseil de lecture :
Manifesto By Josef Breitenbach , Ed° Nazraeli Press , 2008
Josef Breitenbach: by Josef Breitenbach Photographs and text (in German) by Josef Breitenbach. Essays (in German) by Peter C. Jones, and Others , Published on the occasion of the 1996-1997 exhibition Josef Breitenbach: Photographien at the Staatliche Galerie Moritzburg Halle and the Fotomuseum im Münchner Stadtmuseum, Ed° Schirmer-Mosel, 1996
Munich, Paris, New York Paperback – 2003 by Josef and Paul Berlanga, Exhibit Catalogue, edition Stephen Daiter Gallery, 2003
Josef Breitenbach » by Larisa Dryansky, Editions de l’Amateur, 2001
Cover of the Book « Josef Breitenbach » by Larisa Dryansky, Editions de l’Amateur, 2001
Josef Breitenbach was born on the 3rd of April 1896. He attended Ludwig-Maximillian University in Munich (philosophy and art history, 1914 to 1917) and became active in the Youth Section and later the Pacifist wing of the Social Democratic Party. In 1918, he took part in the Soviet-inspired Bavarian coup d’état, which was the first spark of the revolutionary fire that swept over Germany in the wake of the armistice. For a few months, Breitenbach also occupied an official position in the new government. Although the revolution was short-lived, the ties he forged with the radical circles of Munich’s intelligentsia later helped him establish his reputation as a photographer.
In 1932, Breitenbach opened his first photographic studio. His clients were prominent members of Munich’s bohemia, including actors and actresses performing in the Munich theater. Munich was a stronghold of libertarians and refined people, whose spirit Breitenbach captured in theatrical portraits of his friend, the journalist Theo Riegler. This world vanished in 1933 with Hitler’s takeover.
More than his Jewish roots, the photographer’s political past made him a target for persecution. In August, 1933, with his passport , Breitenbach made his way to France , joining other German exiles seeking refuge in Paris.
The Surrealist “revolution” had by then become dominant in the Parisian art scene. Soon after his arrival, Breitenbach came into contact with André Breton and his circle. Preferring to retain his independence, he never became a member of the Surrealist group, but did show work in important exhibitions of Surrealist photography alongside Man Ray, Jacques-André Boiffard, Brassaï, Eli Lotar, Henri Cartier-Bresson, et Roger Parry.
Breitenbach only lived in Paris for six years, until the war broke out in 1939. During this period, he produced some of his most inventive work. He adopted several techniques favored by new photographers such as superimpression, montage, solarization, printing in negative, and the photogram. More importantly, he was one of the rare artists of the pre-War years to produce color photographs, which he did by using processes of bleaching, toning and pigmentation. Examples are the images “Montparnasse”, or Forever and Ever.
During his years in Paris, he was also an active member of the German exile community, which alerted the democratic world to the threat of fascism. He participated in the 1938 exhibition by the Union des Artistes Allemandes Libres, “Five Years of Hitler Dictatorship”. A high point for Breitenbach was his collaboration with Bertolt Brecht, summarized by portraits of the playwright. The war interrupted this second chapter of the photographer’s life. Interned by the French as a suspicious alien, then drafted into a civilian corps composed of foreigners, Breitenbach eventually escaped to New York from Marseille in 1941.He came to the attention of Walker Evans, who published his work in Fortune. In the summer of 1944, at the invitation of Josef Albers, Breitenbach taught photography at Black Mountain College. In 1946 he became a United States citizen and joined the faculty at Cooper Union and later The New School. Breitenbach continued to create distinctive and innovative work, including a striking group of camera-less photographs. These works hover in the liminal space between Surrealism and Abstract Expressionism. The 1950s and 1960s were years of intense activity for Breitenbach. He did photographic reportage in Asia for the United Nations and other varied businesses, documenting relief work. He exhibited his photographs extensively in the United States from the 1940s to the mid-1960s, including at the Museum of Modern Art and the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
I proposed today to browse some facets Josef Breitenbach left us behind. This was mainly the result of the encounter with the Surrealists and accompanied throughout his adventure. Through his portraits, montages , collage, photogram , naked, and some memories , moreover
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![Josef Breitenbach-Japanese female mask, fabric background], ca. 1940s](https://lapetiitemelancolie.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/josef-breitenbach-japanese-female-mask-fabric-background-ca-1940s.jpg)
